Which structure of the eye is responsible for 20/20 vision (sharpest vision)?

The fovea of the macula is the structure responsible for 20/20 vision, or sharpest vision, because it contains a high concentration of cones, which are photoreceptor cells crucial for detailed and color vision. Located in the center of the retina, the fovea is optimized for visual acuity. When you focus on an object, light is directed to the fovea, allowing your eyes to perceive fine detail and clear images.

While rods are responsible for vision in low-light conditions, they are not involved in sharp vision. The optic disc is the point in the retina where the optic nerve exits and does not contain photoreceptors, hence it has no role in visual acuity. Cones do contribute to detailed vision; however, their effectiveness is maximized when concentrated in the fovea. Therefore, for achieving 20/20 vision, the fovea of the macula is the key component.