What is the difference between conductive and sensorineural hearing loss?

The distinction between conductive and sensorineural hearing loss is primarily based on the location and nature of the dysfunction in the hearing pathway. Conductive hearing loss arises from problems in the outer or middle ear that impede sound transmission to the inner ear. This can be due to various factors such as earwax buildup, fluid accumulation, perforated eardrums, or structural abnormalities. Such issues often affect the ability of sound waves to traverse these areas effectively.

On the other hand, sensorineural hearing loss is related to damage occurring in the inner ear, specifically the cochlea, or along the auditory nerve pathways that carry sound signals to the brain. This type of hearing loss can result from exposure to loud sounds, aging, infections, or genetic factors, leading to a disruption in the neural processing of sound rather than just a mechanical blockage.

Recognizing the origin of each type of loss is crucial for appropriate diagnosis and treatment. Conductive hearing loss is sometimes reversible, with interventions such as surgery or the removal of blockages often leading to restored hearing. In contrast, sensorineural hearing loss tends to be more permanent, frequently requiring assistive devices like hearing aids to compensate for the damaged hearing mechanisms.