What is a potential complication of untreated chronic sinusitis?

Chronic sinusitis can lead to several complications, with orbital cellulitis being a significant risk. This condition occurs when the infection from the sinuses spreads to the tissues surrounding the eyes, potentially leading to serious issues such as vision loss or the formation of abscesses. The proximity of the sinuses, particularly the ethmoid sinuses, to the orbits makes this complication a direct concern if the infection is not properly managed.

The anatomy of the head and its interconnected structures means that untreated infections can travel, and orbital cellulitis exemplifies the critical association between sinus infections and eye health. Symptoms of orbital cellulitis include pain, swelling around the eyes, and vision changes, necessitating prompt medical intervention to prevent serious sequelae.

In contrast, the other options listed are not direct complications of chronic sinusitis. Throat cancer and nasopharyngeal carcinoma are unrelated malignancies and arise from different etiological factors, while esophageal reflux is a gastrointestinal issue with no direct linkage to sinus infections. Therefore, orbital cellulitis stands out as a serious complication associated with untreated chronic sinusitis.