What condition can result in asymmetric pupils, commonly known as anisocoria?

Anisocoria, or unequal pupil size, can indeed result from Horner's syndrome. This condition is characterized by a disruption of sympathetic nerve pathways that lead to the eye. As a result, one pupil is smaller than the other (miosis), and the affected side may also exhibit ptosis (drooping of the eyelid) and anhidrosis (lack of sweating) on the same side. The classic presentation of Horner's syndrome, including these features, directly correlates with the phenomenon of anisocoria.

While the other conditions listed may affect the eyes, they do not typically cause anisocoria in the same way. Bell's palsy primarily affects facial muscles due to nerve inflammation, glaucoma can cause pupil dilation or constriction but not usually asymmetry, and conjunctivitis primarily leads to eye discomfort and discharge without impacting pupil size. Thus, Horner's syndrome is the condition most specifically associated with asymmetric pupils.